Fluency is the last of the five components of what the National Reading Panel deems necessary for effective reading instruction (NRP, 2000). In this lesson, you will focus on the final component: critical thinking. It is not enough to just teach students facts; you need to teach students how to think for themselves so they can solve problems. Chapter 5 of Eschevarria (2017) provides strategies that promote critical thinking regardless of students’ level of language development. These strategies rely on your ability to create and ask critical thinking questions.

The following books are required for all courses in this certificate:

1. Making Content Comprehensible for English Language Learners: The Siop Model by Jana Echevarria, MaryEllen Vogt, & Deborah Short

2. Teaching Reading Sourcebook by B. Honig, L. Diamond, & L. Gutlohn

3. Assessing Reading: Multiple Measures by L. Diamond & B.J. Thorsnes