In this lesson, you will learn that as children learn to read, they must learn to attach the sounds they hear to the letters they see in words. Older students who struggle with reading often have trouble distinguishing sounds in words, especially multi-syllable words. Therefore, the National Reading Panel (2000) has determined that effective reading programs must teach phonemic awareness and phonics directly. In this lesson, you will learn more about phonemic awareness and phonics and be able to differentiate between both concepts.

The following books are required for all courses in this certificate:

1. Making Content Comprehensible for English Language Learners: The Siop Model by Jana Echevarria, MaryEllen Vogt, & Deborah Short

2. Teaching Reading Sourcebook by B. Honig, L. Diamond, & L. Gutlohn

3. Assessing Reading: Multiple Measures by L. Diamond & B.J. Thorsnes